How was the constitution of India made?
When India became independent, we did not have any law of our own.
A free country needed its own law. Because getting freedom is not everything, unless our own rules and laws govern our country.
That’s why India’s own constitution was made. India had to face many hurdles in making the constitution.
The constitution of India –
Many years before the independence of the country, the process of making a constitution had started.
The rest of the soldiers of the revolt of 1857 tried their best to make the constitution of India, but their rebellion ended before the constitution of India was formed. Due to which the process of making the constitution could not be completed.
The British made the Government of India Act in 1935. Could not live up to the expectations of the people of India. Rather, it was quite different from the thinking of the countrymen. And this was the reason that a lot of distance started to arise between the Muslim League and the Congress.
Dr Tej Bahadur Sapru prepared a draft of the constitution in 1945 with the consent of all the parties during the Second World War.
But due to the Quit India Movement and the Azad Hind Fauj, the dream of ruling India was completely shattered by the British. And on this day, Winston Churchill, who was the Prime Minister, was defeated in the election. And Clement Atteli became the new prime minister. As soon as he became Prime Minister, Clement Atteli started working on giving separate rights to the Muslim League and the new constitution. Due to which three ministers of his cabinet were sent to India.
This came to be known as the Cabinet Mission.
The meeting started in Shimla and on behalf of the Congress their presidents were Maulana Azad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. So there Liaquat Ali Khan, Jinnah, Nawab Ismail Khan from the Muslim League, and Sardar Nishtar and Nawab Mohammad Hamidullah on behalf of the princely states attended the meeting. But the conclusion of this meeting could not be reached. Hence the cabinet mission failed. But after some time talks were held again, and on 16 June 1946 a resolution was passed that the two countries should be divided. After that it was decided to make a new constitution.
The Constituent Assembly of India met for the first time on 19 December 1946.
All the leaders were present in this meeting but Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi were not present. Dr. Satchidananda was elected as the working president of the Constituent Assembly as Satchidananda was the senior most and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent president.
Dr. Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundation of the Constitution on 13 December 1946. He had made the entire blueprint of the constitution. Under this, there was also a proposal to end the property of all the princely states of the whole of India and make it a part of India and this most important resolution of the constitution was passed on 22 January 1947. It was openly opposed by the princes and Jinnah.
After much struggle, the second meeting was held by the end of April 1947. Many kings supported the Congress. After this, on 3 June 1947, it was announced that India would be divided into Bengal and Punjab. When the meeting was held on 14 July 1947, the people of Muslim League also attended that meeting. But all of them were living in India even after partition. The tricolor of the country was also presented in this meeting. Which was also supported by the entire Constituent Assembly.
Now the country was divided into two parts. After the sacrifice of countless revolutionaries, finally the day came, which every Indian was waiting for. On 15 August 1947, which is celebrated as Independence Day, all the people of India had made this festival with great pomp. All the famous people of India had come to Delhi to celebrate. But Mahatma Gandhi was the only person who did not attend the celebration. Because at that time Gandhiji was trying to stop the Hindu Muslim riots in Kolkata. But still the country was not completely independent. Because the Constitution of India was not fully prepared nor was it implemented.
After the independence of the country, there was only one issue now, the Constitution. A committee of 7 members was formed to make the constitution of India. In which N. Gopal Swami Iyengar, A. Krishnaswamy Iyer, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Syed Mohammad Sahdullah, K. M Munshi, BL Mitter, DP Khaitan. and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chairman of this committee.
Together they started the process of making the Constitution of India. Everyone used to have the same opinion on many issues, but when there were no similar views on any issues, voting was conducted. The side which had more votes in favor was considered.
When it was introduced on 21 April 1947, not everyone else liked this proposal. After which many more laws were made. In which Sikhs were given freedom to keep many weapons. There was a lot of controversy on this matter as well. After this there was an appeal to add the law related to intoxication in it. On this also some people were in favor of it, some against it.
After many laws have been made, now the language of the country has come up. What should be the language of India. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru wished that the national language should be Hindustani. It was also the wish of Mahatma Gandhi that the language of India should be made by mixing words from the state languages of the whole country. A meeting of the Congress Committee was held in which it was proposed that the national language of the country should be Hindustani. In which many people said that Hindi would be the national language of India.
vote between these differences come. In which total 32 votes were given to Hindustani language. While 63 votes were given to Hindi. In this way Hindi was accepted as the national language. But still it was yet to be approved in the Parliament. The debate was going on not only about the language, but also about the sign of numbers. After a long debate, a meeting of Congress was held. In which the leaders of the Moderate Dal and the Extremist Party agreed to adopt Hindi language as the national language and the law of numbers was also passed.
After hard struggles, after 2 years 11 months 18 days, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and his committee made this work come to an end. Now was the time when India had its own Constitution of India. Now the country was truly free.
The Constitution of India was signed by all the members on 24 January 1950. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the first President of the independent country. And on this day ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was adopted as the national anthem of India and ‘Vande Mataram’ as the national anthem.
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Published By:Tanuja
